Instructions: For each question, click on the radio button beside your answer. When you have completed the entire quiz, click the Submit my answers button at the bottom of the page to receive your results.

Question 1:

Cases such as Gabrielle Giffords and Phineas Gage demonstrate that ________.
a) the brain can heal itself after injury
b) the brain is purely modular in nature
c) injuries to specific areas of the brain can sometimes lead to deficits in specific cognitive mechanisms
d) the areas associating location and function of phrenology were correct

Question 2:

Lashley posited that learning and memory depend on the total mass of brain tissue, rather than the properties of individual cells. This is referred to as the ________.
a) law of mass action
b) law of equipotentiality
c) law of mass differentials
d) law of mass effect

Question 3:

________ states that mind and brain are separate and interact with and influence each other, while ________ states that the mind and brain are two aspects of the same reality and flow in parallel.
a) Isomorphism; parallelism
b) Interactionism; parallelism
c) Parallelism; interactionism
d) Epiphenomenalism; isomorphism

Question 4:

Although informative, the use of behavioural techniques (and most others) fails in ________.
a) telling us about the structure and function of the human brain
b) using measures such as reaction time to inform on cognitive functions
c) being combined with other approaches to inform on cognitive functions
d) drawing a specific link between cognitive behaviour and underlying brain mechanisms.

Question 5:

A woman was admitted to the emergency room after a stroke. She had great difficulty communicating with the doctors and was barely able to produce any intelligible speech. She likely has ________.
a) Wernicke’s aphasia
b) Motor aphasia
c) Broca’s aphasia
d) Interhemispheric aphasia

Question 6:

Roger Sperry received the Nobel Prize in 1981 in part for his research on ________.
a) interhemispheric transfer
b) localization of function
c) phrenology
d) isomorphism

Question 7:

A drawback from using positron emission tomography (PET) is ________.
a) the inability of radioactive substances to cross the blood brain barrier
b) allergic reaction to radioactive substances
c) a limit to the amount of radiation that a person may be exposed to
d) There are no drawbacks; it is the ideal approach.

Question 8:

The difference between fMRI and MRI is that ________.
a) fMRI measures structure, whereas MRI measures only temporal processing
b) fMRI is capable of correlating the location of brain activity with cognitive behaviour, whereas MRI isn’t capable of that
c) MRI does not require the measurement of the flow of oxygen in the blood, whereas fMRI does
d) MRI requires a the ingestion of a radioactive substance (like PET), whereas fMRI does not

Question 9:

If two separate neurons are active at the same time, it is likely that some sort of connection (e.g., learning) will take place between the two activity-producing events. This assumption is based on ________.
a) the Hebb rule
b) the Law of equipotentiality
c) the Law of mass action
d) localization of function

Question 10:

The best approach to studying human cognition would be ________.
a) fMRI
b) MEG
c) behavioural studies
d) a combination of approaches, as no single approach can provide a complete answer

Question 11:

Specific cognitive operations are assumed to take place in specific parts of the brain. Cognitive neuroscientists refer to these parts as ________.
a) location
b) modules
c) sensory systems
d) cognitive systems

Question 12:

A technique that destroys part of the brain so that behavioural consequences can be observed is known as ________.
a) modular destruction
b) phrenology
c) ablation
d) functional destruction

Question 13:

The idea that any part of a brain area can do the job of any other part of that same brain area is known as ________.
a) law of mass action
b) law of equipotentiality
c) law of functional innervation
d) law of mass effect

Question 14:

Descartes’ idea that the mind and brain were separate but interacting is known as ________.
a) parallelism
b) epiphenomenalism
c) interactionism
d) isomorphism

Question 15:

________ implies that consciousness can influence lower-level functions of the brain.
a) Emergent causation
b) Emergent property
c) Supervenient causation
d) Supervenient property

Question 16:

Which technique would be most appropriate if you were interested in studying the time course of mental activity and related response processes?
a) DTI
b) fMRI
c) ERP
d) PET

Question 17:

Connections in neural networks are assumed to be formed and strengthened based on ________.
a) the law of effect
b) the law of equipotentiality
c) the law of connectionism
d) the Hebb rule

Question 18:

Which of the following would be considered a static brain imaging technique?
a) fMRI
b) MRI
c) PET
d) MEG

Question 19:

If you subscribed to the idea that the mind and brain share the same reality, then what term would best describe your approach?
a) Epiphenomenalism
b) Parallelism
c) Isomorphism
d) Interactionism

Question 20:

Phrenologists such as Gall and Spurzheim would disagree most with which of the following statements?
a) Cognitive operations are specialized to particular brain areas.
b) Small brain lesions in a particular brain area result in significant behavioural deficits.
c) Small brain lesions in a particular brain area result in no behavioural deficits.
d) Because different individuals differ in intellectual ability, there must exist differentially developed brain areas to explain intellectual differences.

True or False Questions

Question 21:

Although phrenology is no longer taken seriously, the underlying notion that specific brain areas can be associated with specific functions deserves attention.
a) True
b) False

Question 22:

Animal models are useful because the enable researchers to test them in ways that sometimes would not be possible in humans.
a) True
b) False

Question 23:

A split brain patient has great difficulty understanding speech.
a) True
b) False

Question 24:

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a PET-based neuroimaging technique.
a) True
b) False

Question 25:

The implicit association task (IAT) accurately predicts whether someone will be racially biased or prejudiced.
a) True
b) False

Question 26:

The brain account for about 5% of your body weight.
a) True
b) False

Question 27:

A specific link between underlying brain mechanisms and behaviour can be obtained from behavioural studies.
a) True
b) False

Question 28:

The inability to produce coherent speech while still being able to speak is most likely associated with Wernicke’s area.
a) True
b) False

Question 29:

Patients with blindsight claim to see objects but cannot locate the object is space.
a) True
b) False

Question 30:

Modern brain imaging techniques are finding evidence to support the early idea of phrenology.
a) True
b) False

Higher Education

Cognition, Sixth Edition: Chapter 02