The twentieth century has been interpreted as a short century marked by extremes. According to this view, the century lasted only from 1914 to 1989 or 1991. These dates coincide with the rise and fall of communism that came to power in Russia in 1917 and ended with the fall of the Berlin wall
(1989) or that of the Soviet Union (1991). Thus, the concept of a short century is unduly influenced by a Cold War perspective. In Europe's Long Century, Spencer Di Scala presents an alternative view that will be more helpful to undergraduate history students in the twenty-first-century: namely,
that twentieth century Europe was actually a "long" century lasting approximately from 1900 to 2000 with patterns and antecedents discernible before the century began and that continue to be elaborated today.
Comprehensive, current, and affordable, Europe's Long Century integrates the
histories of Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, and the Balkans that are often neglected in similar treatments. It also thoroughly covers the role of science in shaping modern European life, and the book's "biographical sketches" profile the lives of important - though not always well known - people who
influenced Europe's long century.
Preface
Acknowledgments
List of Maps
List of Abbreviations
INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS EUROPE?
Europe as a Cultural Conception
The Idea of Europe and Christianity
The European Ideal Becomes Secularized
Hegemony versus Consensus
The Ideal of Unity between the Two
World Wars
The European Concept during the Late Twentieth Century
A Post-Cold War Perspective
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
PART ONE: THE EUROPEAN AGE
1. DECEMBER 14, 1900
The Twentieth Century: Science and Ideology
European Society
Changing Cultural and Political
Outlooks
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Anna Kuliscioff Cofounder of Italian Socialism
Max Planck An Upright German
2. THE DEMOCRACIES AND THEIR DILEMMAS
Britain: Accommodation and Militancy
France Muddles Through
Italian Democracy in the
Making
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Emmeline Pankhurst "Votes for Women!"
Jean-Joseph-Marie-Auguste Jaurès Martyr
3. THE AUTHORITARIAN STATES
The German Empire: Greater Prussia
"That Ramshackle Realm": Austria-Hungary
Imperial Russia: "Institutions Are
of No Importance"
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht of Hohenzollern Failure
Karl Lueger Mayor of Vienna
4. FOREIGN POLICIES
Britain: Managing Decline
World Policy (Weltpolitik)
France's Lost Provinces
Showdown in the
Balkans
Italy Searches for Security
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Théophile Delcassé Warrior Diplomat
Francis Joseph of Hapsburg Unlucky
5. EUROPEAN PERIPHERIES
Scandinavia: An Ideal Unity
Different Roads: The Low Countries
The Making of a
Conservative: Switzerland
The Iberian States
Southeastern Europe
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Niels Henrik David Bohr "Uncle Nick"
Émile Vandervelde Evolutionary Socialist
PART TWO: END OF HEGEMONY
6. WORLD WAR
Imperialism and Diplomacy: From
Crisis to Crisis
History of a History: Causes of World War I
Combat!
The Home Fronts
The War Ends
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley A Casualty of War
Erich Maria Remarque "But now, for the first time, people learned what it was
really like"
7. WAR'S IMMEDIATE IMPACT: RUSSIAN AND OTHER REVOLUTIONS
War and the Russian Revolutions
The German Revolution
End of the War in Germany
The Struggle for Power
Foundation of the Weimar Republic
Revolution in Austria
The Hungarian Revolution
Continuous
Rebellion: Artists and Scientists
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov A Sealed Train
Rosa Luxemburg Marxist Martyr
8. THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE PEACE
The Paris Peace Conference
The Territorial Consequences
Economic Consequences
The
Moral Consequences
The League of Nations
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Georges Clemenceau Tiger
Sidney Sonnino Failed Diplomatist
9. HARD LANDINGS: FROM CRISIS TO FALSE PROSPERITY
Britain: Back to 1914
France's Quest for Security
Italy: From "Red
Biennium" to Fascism
Weimar's Three Original Sins
The USSR: The Crisis of NEP
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
John Maynard Keynes Savior of Capitalism
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini Young Rebel
PART THREE: AN AGE OF DICTATORS
10. THE GREAT
DEPRESSION AND THE LIBERAL DEMOCRACIES
The Great Depression
British Democracy
Troubled France
Scandinavia: Toward Social Democracy
Marking Time: The Low Countries and Switzerland
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
James Ramsay MacDonald Labour's "Nonperson"
Prime Minister
Léon Blum Popular Front
11. THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN EUROPE
The Victors of the Versailles Settlement
The Versailles Settlement's Losers
The Aegean and the Adriatic
Iberia
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Josef
Klemens Pilsudski Polish Dictator
Thomas Garrigue Masaryk European Democrat
12. MUSSOLINI'S FASCISM
Fascist Practice
Fascist Ideology
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Edmondo Rossoni Fascist Labor
Margherita Sarfatti "Dictator of the Figurative
Arts"
13. STALIN'S COMMUNISM
Communist Ideology
Communist Practice
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin Communist Theoretician
Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontai "Red Rose of the Revolution"
14. THE NAZI ASSAULT ON WEIMAR
Weimar's
Crumbling Support
Ascent of the Nazi Party
The Collapse of Weimar
Installing the Dictatorship
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Adolf Hitler Down and Out in Vienna
Franz von Papen Politico
15. HITLER'S NAZISM
Foundations of
Nazism
Kristallnacht
Nazi Theory and Practice
Everyday Life
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Gertrud Scholtz-Klink Unrepentant!
Hermann Goering Nazi Chieftain
16. INTERWAR SOCIETY AND CULTURE
Society
Entertainment and High Culture
Technology and
Society
Pure Science: Revolution and Travail
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Ettore Majorana The Enduring Mystery
Lise Meitner The Role of Insight
17. DIPLOMACY BETWEEN THE WARS: THE COLLAPSE OF PEACE
The Continent in the 1920s
Correcting
Versailles
The Hitler Revolution
From Crisis to Crisis
A New War
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Gustav Stresemann Fulfillment
Aristide Briand Man of Peace, "Father of Europe"
18. THE GERMAN TIDE OVER EUROPE
Confrontation
German Successes
The
Home Fronts
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Heinz Wilhelm Guderian Panzer General
Maurice Gustave Gamelin Historical Footnote
19. INSIDE HITLER'S EUROPE: MILITARY OCCUPATION AND GENOCIDE
Short and Long-Term Aims
Military Occupation in the East
Military
Occupation in the West
The Holocaust
Genocide
20. HOW THE WAR WAS WON
Weapons
Battles
Resistance
The Future
Ideology: Nationalism's Handmaiden?
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Erwin Rommel The Desert Fox
Bernard Law Montgomery Hero of El
Alamein
[End Volume 1 / Begin Volume 2]
PART FOUR: DUAL EUROPE
21. MAKING POSTWAR EUROPE
Soviet Dominance in the East
The West: American Influence
The Cold War
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Klement Gottwald Stalinist
Josip Broz Tito
Communist Nationalist
22. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND POLITICAL STABILIZATION IN THE WEST
Defense Mechanisms
Economic Integration
The Community: New Europe's Core
Associated Countries
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Jean Monnet Cognac and Europe
Konrad
Adenauer Senior Statesman
23. FAILURE OF EFTA AND EXPANSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY
EFTA
Characteristics of the Seven
The Disappearing Periphery
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
James Harold Wilson Reluctant European
Kurt Waldheim Austria in the
Dock
24. DECOLONIZATION
Origins of Decolonization
Death by War
Failed Transformations
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Frantz Fanon Language, Peasants, and Revolution
25. STALINISM AND "ACTUALLY EXISTING SOCIALISM"
Guiding Principles
The East
European Revolution
Stalinism in Eastern Europe
"Actually Existing Socialism" in the USSR
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Georgi Dimitrov Master in Ideology
Ana Rabinovici Pauker Communist Nonperson
26. DE-STALINIZATION AND DESTABILIZATION
Stalin's
Successors
Destabilization in Eastern Europe
Khrushchev's Dilemma
Restricted Decentralization
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Nikita Sergeievich Khrushchev Peasant Wit
Alexander Dubcek Brief Spring
27. THE SHIFTING ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK AND POLITICAL CHANGE
IN THE WEST
Economic Quandaries
The Thatcher Era in Britain
Mitterrand's "Unintended Revolution"
Italy's Triple Revolution
Keeping the Balance in Germany
Meeting the Challenge
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Margaret Hilda Roberts Thatcher No
Interpreter Needed
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand "A Very Good Dancer"
28. CULTURAL CHANGE AND EXTREMISM IN THE WEST
Expanding Opportunities and Growing Protest
Discontent in the West
The 1968 Revolts
Terrorism and Society
Growth of Feminism
Return to
Normalcy
The Greens
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Mara Cagol Co-Founder, Red Brigades
Simone Lucie Ernestine Marie Bertrand e Beauvoir, Philosopher-Feminist
29. CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
Scandinavian Social Democracy
Central Europe
The Lesser-Developed
Countries
European Union: The Acceleration of History
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Joerg Haider Embarrassment or Admonition?
Andreas Papandreou Democratic Fighter
30. EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY
Postwar Society
Discontent in the West
The Changing
Family
Immigration
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
John XXIII "The Good Pope"
Boris Pasternak Doctor Zhivago
31. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS
Science and Technology
European Culture
Euromarxism
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Jean-Paul
Sartre Model of an Intellectual
Arcangela Felice Assunta Wertmüller von Elgg Spanol von Braucich Outrageous!
32. STAGNATION AND FAILED REFORM IN THE EAST
Stagnation in the Soviet Union
Beginning the End: Poland
Mikhail Gorbachev's Failed Revolution
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov "Our Regime Resembles A Cancer Cell"
Nicolae Ceausescu Gigantomania
33. THE COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM
Why the Dominoes Fell
The Process of Collapse I: Implosion
The Process of Collapse II: Explosion
The Process of
Collapse III: Russia versus the Soviet Union
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Václav Havel Velvet Revolution
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin Maverick
34. EUROPE IN A GLOBAL AGE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
The New Germany
The New Russia
The Balkan and Southeastern
Hot Spots
Unfinished Business
The European Union's March
The Larger East European Economies and the EU
What Is Europe?
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
There are no Instructor/Student Resources available at this time.
Spencer Di Scala is Professor of History and past graduate program director at University of Massachusetts Boston. He is the author of several books, including Italy from Revolution to Republic (2009), European Political Thought: 1815-1989 (1998), Italian Socialism Between Politics and History
(1996), and Renewing Italian Socialism: Nenni to Craxi (OUP, 1988).
Writing History - William Kelleher Storey and Towser Jones
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