Despite a history of more than 30 years, forensic anthropology is, in many ways, still in its infancy. Its early practitioners were by necessity self-taught, and the field has developed in a largely reactionary, ad hoc manner. This text, designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in
forensic anthropology, provides information that reflects the current and future needs of this rapidly professionalizing field. It unites theoretical and methodological knowledge drawn from anthropology and the forensic sciences and offers thought-provoking case studies and discussion. Co-written by
a foremost authority in the field of forensic anthropology and an anthropologist whose fieldwork for a medical examiner's office has included forensic identification in Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, and Darfur, this volume is the first comprehensive forensic anthropology text; it examines medical, legal,
ethical, and humanitarian issues associated with forensic anthropology, biohistory (the use of modern forensic methods in identifying remains of prominent historical figures), and current forensic methods.
Chapters 2-10 open with an Introduction and end with a Conclusion.
Preface
1. Introduction
Forensic Anthropology: A Brief History (1972-2006)
What is Forensic Anthropology Today?
Where Do Forensic Anthropologists Work?
Is Forensic Anthropology in the
US Expanding?
Forensic Anthropology Outside the US
Research in Forensic Anthropology Today
Forensic Anthropology in Perspective
2. The Medicolegal System
The Medicolegal System
Jurisdiction
Death Investigation:
Cause and Manner of Death
Motive, Intent, and
Volition:
Autopsy and Postmortem Examinations
Triage and Mechanisms of Death:
Anthropology and Autopsy:
Public Perception of Autopsy:
3. Evidence and the Judicial System
Evidence
Recognizing Evidence:
Evidence Interpretation: Rationality versus
Parsimony
The Judicial System: An Overview
Testifying as a Witness
Qualifying as an Expert Witness:
Homicide
4. Crime Scene Investigation: Identifying Medicolegal Remains, Search Strategies, and Scene Documentation
Identifying Remains of Medicolegal
Significance
Types of Nonmedicolegal Remains:
Distinguishing Recent from Archaeological Remains:
Differentiating Human from Animal Bone and Nonbiological Materials
Jurisdiction and the Crime Scene
Responsibility versus Authority:
Protocols:
Evaluating
Scenes
Search Strategies
Evidence
Documentation
Burials
Archaeological versus Forensic Approaches to Excavation:
Theories of Deposition:
Report Writing
5. Beginning the Identification Process: Developing Biological Profiles
Theories and Methods in
Forensic Anthropology
The Estimation of Sex from Skeletal Remains
Sex: Juvenile Remains:
Sex: Adult Remains:
The Estimation of Age-at-Death from Skeletal Remains
Age: Juvenile Remains:
Age: Adult Remains:
Ancestry
Stature Estimation
Other Physical
Features
6. Pathology and Trauma Assessment
The Language of Pathology, Anatomy, and Medicine
Pathology: An Overview
Classes of Pathology:
Trauma Assessment
Sharp Force Trauma:
Tool Mark Analysis:
Blunt Force Trauma:
Internal and External Factors in
Fractures:
Asphyxia:
Gunshot Wound Interpretation
Typical Gunshot Wound Morphology:
Atypical Gunshot Wound Morphology:
Determining the Sequence of Injuries in Polytonic Trauma:
7. Forensic Taphonomy
Forensic Taphonomy
The Goals of Forensic
Taphonomy
Time-since-Death Estimation:
Methods of Time-since-Death Estimation:
Bone Modification:
Mechanisms of Transport:
Preservation and Collection Bias:
Reconstructing Perimortem Events:
8. Personal Identification
How Identification Is
Established
Categories of Identification
Doe Designation:
Methods of Positive Identification
Visual Recognition:
Fingerprinting:
DNA:
DNA and Forensic Anthropology:
Forensic Odontology:
Radiologic Identification:
Alternative Medical Imaging
Impact
of Daubert on Positive Identification
Photographic Superimposition and Facial Recognition
9. Mass Death and International Investigations of Human Rights Violations
War Crimes
Genocide:
Group Identity versus Personal Identification:
Personal
Identification
Humanitarian versus Medicolegal Response
Establishing Jurisdiction:
Agencies:
Mass Graves
Commingling:
Objectivity
10. Biohistory: Historical Questions, Methods, and Ethics
Biohistory--Past and Present
Other Biohistorical
Questions
Noninvasive Analyses
A Case Study in Biohistorical and Forensic Investigation: Billy the Kid
A Brief History of Billy the Kid:
The (Almost) Exhumation of Billy the Kid:
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
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Making Sense in the Social Sciences - Margot Northey, Lorne Tepperman and Patrizia Albanese
