Note: Each chapter includes:
- Introduction
- Chapter objectives
- Case studies
- Looking Ahead conclusion
- Discussion questions
- Suggested resources
- Notes
Part One: Introduction
1. Setting the Context
The Origins of Canada's Welfare
State
Distribution and Redistribution
A Model of Redistribution
The Problems with Inequality
The Redistributive Cycle in Practice: Income Inequality in Canada
Taxes, Transfers, and Family Types
Gini Coefficients
Wealth and Income
Part Two: Approaches to Social
Policy
2. The Rise and Decline of the Welfare State in Canada NEW
Why Did We Build Our Welfare State?
Why Did We Shrink Our Welfare State?
Towards a Balanced Budget and Beyond
Post-9/11: The Warfare State
The End of Altruism and Changing Values in Canada?
The
Role of the Media
Federalism and Social Services in Canada
Indigenous Inequality in Canada
3. Defining Social Policy
Defining Social Policy
A Look at Social Policy and Economic Policy
Building a Definition: "Social" and "Policy"
Social Policy and Economic
Policy
Issues Arising
Redistribution and Social Policy: The Goals
4. Social Policy and the Economic Market
Labels
Neo-liberalism
The Economic Market in Social Policy: The "Best" Way to Provide
Level 1: The Individual
Level 2: The Family
Level 3: The
Voluntary Sector/Communities/Faith Groups
Level 4: The State
Outside Neo-liberalism
Part Three: Allocating Benefits
5. Allocating Benefits: Privatization, Commercialization, and Alternate Service Delivery
Terminology
The Reasons to Privatize
Forms of
Privitization
Issues in Privatization
The Regulatory Dilemma
Welfare Pluralism
Final Thoughts on Privatization
6. Allocating Benefits: What?
Food Banks
Cash and In-Kind Benefits
Comparing Delivery Modes
Paternalism: "For Your Own
Good"
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Capacity and Substitute Decision-Makers
Vouchers
7. Allocating Benefits: To Whom?
The Universal/Selective Debate
Basic Income
A Look at Government Spending
Cash, In-Kind; Universal/Selective
Part Four: Generating
Resources
8. Paying Through Taxes
Goals of Taxation
Two Principles of Taxation
Tax Revenues in Canada
Personal Income Taxes
Deductions, Exemptions, and Credits
Tax Expenditures in Canada
The Alternative Federal Budget
9. Fees, Charges, and
Premiums
The Simple Microeconomics of Fees
The Reasons to Not Impose Fees
The Reasons to Impose Fees
Setting Fee Levels
Premiums and Social Insurance
10. Volunteers, Charities, and Gamblers
The Voluntary Sector in Canada
The Advantages of Using Volunteers
and Charities
The Disadvantages of Using Volunteers and Charities
Charities and the Income Tax System
Gambling
Advantages of Gambling as a Revenue Source
Disadvantages of Gambling as a Revenue Source
Part Five: Looking Ahead
11. Globalization
NEW
Historical Perspective
The Financial Crisis of 2008
The Retraction against Globalization
Think Globally, Act Locally
Environmental Activism
Globalization and Migration: Freedom of Capital, Not Persons
Transnational Social Work
12. On to the Future
A
Return to Keynes?
Policy Means Choice: Four Scenarios
A New Welfare Society?
Final Thoughts
Appendix 1: Comparative Data: How Does Canada Fare? NEW
Appendix 2: An Introduction to CANSIM BNEW
Appendix 3: Using CANSIM to Find and Analyze Data from the 2012 Aboriginal Peoples
Survey NEW
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
E-Book (ISBN 9780199022144)
Ernie Lightman is an emeritus professor in the Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work at the University of Toronto. His scholarly research includes nearly a hundred refereed academic publications in a wide range of journals and reports as well as the first edition of Social Policy in Canada
(OUP, 2003). Through the years, he has commented to the media on issues of social policy concern and in 1991-92 he was a one-person Commission under the Public Inquiries Act, looking into unregulated housing for vulnerable adults in Ontario. He holds a PhD in Economics from the University of
California, Berkley, and previously taught at the London School of Economics before taking up positions in Economics and, later, Social Work at the University of Toronto.
Naomi Lightman is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology at the University of Calgary. Her areas of
research include immigration, social policy, and social inequality. She has published in numerous academic journals including International Labour Review, International Migration Review, Critical Studies in Education, and Social Inclusion. Prior to her academic career, Naomi worked full time as a
policy advisor and acting project lead at the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, giving her direct, applied experience with the policy-making and implementation process.
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