Environmental Change and Challenge

Part A: Introduction
1. Environment, Resources, and Society
Introduction: Change and Challenge
Defining Environment and Resources
Alternative Approaches to Understanding Complex Natural and Socio-Economic Systems
Science-Based Management of Resources and Environment
The Sydney Tar Ponds, Cape Breton Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia
Sustainable Development and Sustainable Livelihoods
The Global Picture
Jurisdictional Arrangements for Environmental Management in Canada
Measuring Progress
Implications
Guest Statement: Perspective on the Tar Ponds - Tim Babcock
International Guest Statement: The Resource Dilemma: Environment, Livelihood, and Poverty Nexus in Developing Countries - Peter O. Adeniyi
Part B: The Ecosphere
2. Energy Flows and Ecosystems
Energy
Energy Flows in Ecological Systems
Ecosystem Structure
Abiotic Components
Biodiversity
Implications
Guest Statement: Landscape Ecology - Chris Malcolm
3. Ecosystems Are Dynamic
Ecological Succession
Changing Ecosystems
Population Growth
Evolution, Speciation, and Extinction
Implications
Guest Statement: How Will Forests Respond to Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide? - Ze'ev Gedalof and Aaron Berg
International Guest Statement: Life at the Crossroads: How Climate Change Threatens the Existence of the Maasai - Philip Osano
4. Ecosystems and Matter Cycling
Matter
Biogeochemical Cycles
The Hydrological Cycle
Biogeochemical Cycles and Human Activity
Implications
International Guest Statement: Action-oriented Research on Community Recycling in São Paulo, Brazil - Jutta Gutberlet
Part C: Planning and Management: Philosophy, Process, and Product
5. Planning and Management: Philosophy
Planning and Management Components
Implications
International Guest Statement: Water Governance for the Twenty-First Century - Ali Memon
Guest Statement: Visioning: Wanted from Individuals and Beyond - Dan Shrubsole
6. Planning and Management: Process, Method, and Product
Collaboration and Co-ordination
Stakeholders and Participatory Approaches
Communication
Adaptive Management
Impact and Risk Assessment
Dispute Resolution
Regional and Land-Use Planning
Implementation Barriers
Implications
Guest Statement: Cumulative Environmental Effects: Thinking beyond the Project in Environmental Assessment - Bram Noble
International Guest Statement: Spatial Planning and Disaster Risk Reduction: Mediating Long-term and Short-term Interests: Lessons from Indonesia - Bakti Setiawan
Part D: Resource and Environmental Management
7. Climate Change
Nature of Climate Change
Scientific Evidence Related to Climate Change
Modelling Climate Change
Scientific Explanations
Implications of Climate Change
Communicating Global Change
Kyoto Protocol
Policy and Action Options
Guest Statement: Global Policy Challenges? - Barry Smit
8. Oceans and Fisheries
Oceanic Ecosystems
Ocean Management Challenges
Global Responses
Canada's Oceans
Fisheries
Aboriginal Use of Marine Resources
Pollution
Some Canadian Responses
Aquaculture
Implications
Guest Statement: Public and Political Will Needed to Protect our Oceans - Sabine Jessen
International Guest Statement: The Rise and Fall of Industrial Fisheries - Daniel Pauly
9. Forests
Canada's Boreal Forest
An Overview of Canada's Forests
Forest Management Practices
Environmental and Social Impacts of Forest Management
Practices
New Forestry
Canada's National Forest Strategies
Global Forest Strategies
Implications
Guest Statement: Forest Ownership, Forest Stewardship, Community Sustainability - Kevin Hanna
International Guest Statement: Can the Private Sector Help Slow Deforestation? - Gijsbert Nollen
10. Agriculture
Agriculture as an Ecological Process
Modern Farming Systems in the Industrialized World
Trends in Canadian Agriculture
Environmental Challenges for Canadian Agriculture
Sustainable Food Production Systems
Organic Farming
Local Agriculture
Implications
Guest Statement: Canada Feeding the World? - Peter Schroeder
11. Water
Human Interventions in the Hydrological Cycle: Water Diversions
The James Bay Hydroelectric Project
Water Quality
Water Security: Protecting Quantity and Quality
Water As Hazard
Heritage Rivers
Hydrosolidarity
Water Ethics
Implications
Guest Statement: How Becoming a Heritage River Can Influence Water Management - Barbara Veale
International Guest Statement: The Grand Canal of China - Shuheng Li
12. Minerals and Energy
Framing Issues and Questions
Non-renewable Resources in Canada: Basic Information
Potash, Saskatchewan
Developing a Diamond Mine: Ekati, NWT
Energy Resources
Implications
Guest Statement: Accountability in Resource Management: Independent Oversight of Proponents and Government - Patricia Fitzpatrick
Guest Statement: Corporate Social Investment - Michael Hitch
13. Urban Environmental Management
Sustainable Urban Development
Environmental Issues in Cities
Vulnerability of Urban Areas to Natural and Human-Induced Hazards
Urban Sustainability
Best Practice for Urban Environmental Management Implications
Guest Statement: Urban Waste Management - Virginia W. Maclaren
International Guest Statement: Natural Landscapes in Urban Environments and the Role of Feng Shui - Lawal Marafa
14. Endangered Species and Protected Areas
Valuing Biodiversity
Main Pressures Causing Extinction
Vulnerability to Extinction
Responses to the Loss of Biodiversity
Protected Areas
Implications
International Guest Statement: Tiger Conservation in Thailand - Anak Pattanavibool
Guest Statement: Canada's Great Bear Rainforest - Ian McAllister
Part E: Environmental Change and Challenge Revisited
15. Making It Happen
Global Perspectives
National Perspectives
Personal Perspectives
The Law of Everybody
Implications
Guest Statement: A Generation of Possibility - Skye Augustine
Guest Statement: Sustainability in Higher Education: Learning It, Teaching It, and Doing It - Darren Bardati
Appendix: Conservation Organizations

Instructor's Manual:
Lecture outlines
Chapter summaries
Student learning objectives (NEW)
Discussion ideas
Key concepts
Class activities
Lists of teaching aids (books, movies, articles, etc.) (NEW!)
Test Generator:
Multiple-choice questions
True-or-false questions
Short-answer questions
Essay questions (NEW!)
PowerPoint Slides:
Lecture outline slides per chapter
Image Bank:
Collection of all figures, tables, and images from the text
Student Study Guide:
Chapter outlines
Learning objectives
List of key concepts presented as flash cards (NEW!)
Short-answer review questions
Self-testing multiple-choice questions
Secondary glossary - includes definitions of all the italicized terms in the text
E-Book (ISBN 9780199000418):
Available through CourseSmart.com

Philip Dearden is a prolific and well-known geographer who teaches at the University of Victoria and is chair of the Department of Geography there. His research specialization is in conservation, in particular protected areas systems, and his work in this field has taken him around the world, though his focus has been on Canada and Southeast Asia. Currently Dearden's activity is centred on marine environments and he leads the Marine Protected Areas Research Group (MPARG) at the University of Victoria. In addition to co-authoring the first three editions of Environmental Change and Challenge, he has co-edited three editions of OUP Canada's Parks and Protected Areas in Canada with Rick Rollins.

Bruce Mitchell has been an OUP Canada author for over a decade, publishing four editions of Resource and Environmental Management in Canada as the volume's editor in addition to co-authoring the previous three editions of Environmental Change and Challenge. A professor of geography and environmental management at the University of Waterloo, he is also cross-appointed in the School of Planning and is currently serving as associate provost, Academic and Student Affairs. Mitchell has studied water management for over 42 years and in 2005 was named a Fellow to the Royal Society of Canada and the International Water Resources Association. He received the Massey Medal from the Royal Canadian Geographical Society in 2008.

Special Features

• Comprehensive coverage. Offers a thorough discussion of natural science, planning and management, Canadian environmental resources, and the interrelationship between human actions and environmental change, giving students an in-depth treatment of the field.
• Scientifically grounded approach. Provides a strong foundation in basic scientific concepts, giving students the information required to knowledgably assess complex environmental topics such as global warming, water security, ozone depletion, the use of pesticides and herbicides, and the workings of the ecosphere.
• Local and global perspectives. A blend of Canadian and international examples and perspectives gives students a balanced and broad introduction to environmental studies.
• Expert authors. Distinguished academics Bruce Mitchell and Philip Dearden offer students the most authoritative book of its kind.
• Current. Coverage of breaking events and contemporary issues throughout illustrate the effects of environmental change here and now.
• Promotes action. Taking a positive approach to environmental studies, the text gives students the tools they need to think critically, take action, and make their own environmentally sound choices (e.g., 'Measuring your own ecological footprint' or 'Ten Water Conservation Initiatives').
• Earth-friendly printing. Printed on FSC certified recycled paper, demonstrating OUP Canada's commitment to the ideals espoused in the text.
• Vibrant design. A dynamic, full-colour design with a rich variety of photographs, maps, figures, and tables throughout enhance students' reading experience.

• Fully updated. Coverage of recent events that have impacted the natural world - including the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, the Keystone XL pipeline, the Haiti earthquake, the 2011 Japanese tsunami and subsequent nuclear disaster, and the 2010 floods in Pakistan - ensure that this text is as up-to-date as possible and reflects the world as students experience it today.
• Updated coverage of human demography. More content on demography speaks to the importance of the increasing human population's impact on the global environment (e.g., the loss of arable land due to urban expansion).
• More coverage of health and the environment. Discusses the link between human health and the state of the environment throughout, highlighting the far-reaching effects and challenges of environmental change.
• International 'Guest Statement' boxes. In addition to Canadian guest statements, the fourth edition now includes first-person accounts from international geographers, giving students an accurate look at environmental studies both at home and abroad.
• Updated ancillaries package. Both instructors and students will benefit from a wealth of online material, including an Instructor's Manual, Test Generator, Student Study Guide, Image Bank, and more.

• Learning objectives. Point-form learning objectives help prepare students for the material that follows.
• 'Environment in Focus' boxes. In-depth explorations of special topics such as the achievement of sustainable development, carbon offsets, Aboriginal perspectives on environmental resources, and the decline in Canada's important duck population help students understand how concepts, approaches, and theories manifest in the world around them.
• 'Perspectives on the Environment' boxes. Quotations from a variety of sources offer different perspectives on chapter topics.
• 'Guest Statement' boxes. Showcase first-person accounts from both Canadian and international geographers spearheading initiatives around the world.
• 'What You Can Do' boxes. Offer tips on concrete actions students can take to address environmental change. An index of these boxes found on the inside front cover serves as a handy quick-reference guide.
• Bolded key terms and glossary. Reinforce key concepts and help students quickly find important information.
• Chapter summaries. Recap the material in the chapter, helping students review for tests and exams.
• Questions for review and critical thinking. With over 200 questions throughout, these end-of-chapter questions draw out important issues while encouraging students to consider how these issues relate to their daily lives.
• Related websites and further readings. Lists relevant and reliable sources both online and in print, encouraging students to expand their knowledge through further study.
• Appendix: Conservation Organizations. Lists Canadian and international organizations actively promoting the preservation of a wide range of environmental resources, habitats, and wildlife.